Cancer Survival Rates

This is a quick post about one a very important frequently tested fact in the exam i.e. five year survival rates of different stages of gynaecology cancers. Recently there have been questions for the one year survival rates as well. I have compiled the rates in the form of tables for quick review.

I hope this is helpful.

Visit cancer research UK for updated information Click Here

Cervical Cancer

Overall 5 year survival 60%

Overall 1 year survival 80%

Stage	5 Yr Survival	1 Yr Survival
I	79%	96%
II	47%	92%
III	22%	75%
IV	7%	50%

Endometrial Cancer

Overall 5 year survival 77%

Overall 1 year survival 89%

Stage	5 Yr Survival	1 Yr Survival
I	76%	99%
II	56%	95%
III	30%	83%
IV	10%	46%

Ovarian Cancer

Overall 5 year survival 43%

Overall 1 year survival 72%

Stage	5 Yr Survival	1 Yr Survival
I	93%	98%
II	67%	89%
III	27%	73%
IV	13%	53%

Vulval Cancer

Overall 5 year survival 65%

Overall 1 year survival 86%

Stage	5 Yr Survival	1 Yr Survival
I	86%	96%
II	74%	89%
III	54%	78%
IV	15%	43%

According to groin node status 5 yrs survival
Groin Node Negative	92%
ipsilateral	75%
bilateral	30%
>2 nodes	25%
>6 nodes	0%

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Lynch Syndrome

Lynch Syndrome

This post is about one of an important condition, we come across in gynaecology oncology and that is Lynch Syndrome. Recently there has been evidence found for it to be strongly associated with endometrial and ovarian cancer. NICE recommends to screen all women with endometrial cancer for Lynch syndrome. The points are taken from a recently published TOG which is free access.

To download the original article: Click Here

For infographic: Click Here

Introduction

• Lynch syndrome (LS) → an autosomal dominant inherited condition
• Predisposes to cancers which include colorectal, endometrial & ovarian
• Most affected 95% people are unaware of their risk
• Gynecological cancer → often the first cancer diagnosis in women

Epidemiology

• Exact prevalence → unclear 1:278 to 1:440
• LS is the most common inherited cancer predisposition syndrome 
• Around 3% endometrial cancers are due to LS prognosis very good 10-yr survival ≥90%
• Association with ovarian cancer less clear 1-2%
• NICE recommends universal screening of individuals with colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer
• Degree of penetrance, disease spectrum and age of cancer onset variable

Lynch Syndrome

• Arises from inherited mutations in genes encoding proteins of highly conserved DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 & PMS2
• MMR system maintains genomic stability
• Without functioning MMR→ uncorrected mutation rate ↑ by 1000-fold

How does it happen?

• One pathogenic allele of an MMR gene is inherited & once second allele acquires somatic inactivating mutation→ as MMR system is non-functional which leads to widespread genomic instability as errors which occur during replication can not be corrected
• Hypermutation leads to carcinogenesis
• Incidence of endometrial cancer in (MSH6 = MLH1 & MLH2) > PMS2